Disinformation and fake news – how to recognize them and protect yourself from manipulation?

In the age of the internet and social media, information spreads rapidly. The ease of publishing means that fake news and disinformation, or deliberate misleading, spread equally quickly.

The goal of such activities can be to incite panic, undermine trust in institutions, deepen social divisions, manipulate citizens’ attitudes, and even destabilize the state. Disinformation can be spread both from abroad and from within a country – by individuals or groups acting to the detriment of society.

The most common forms include false headlines, manipulated articles, doctored photos and videos, and false information spread on social media by bots and trolls. We encourage you to read the leaflet and learn the rules specific to the language of disinformation.

Common types of fake news include:

completely false information,

half-truths, i.e., data presented selectively or out of context,

quote manipulation – taking out a fragment of a statement to change its meaning.

In the face of such threats, awareness and education are crucial. It’s important to continually develop your knowledge of digital security, compare information from various sources, especially reliable ones, and maintain critical thinking.

Not all information circulating online is true. Particular caution is warranted when the content evokes strong emotions – fear, anger, but also excitement (e.g., the promise of a reward). If such a reaction occurs immediately, it’s worth investigating the matter further.

In a threat situation, the state can implement so-called alert levels: ALPHA, BRAVO, CHARLIE, and DELTA. Their aim is to heighten citizens’ and institutions’ vigilance against threats such as cyberattacks, hybrid activities, or attempts to disrupt the functioning of public administration.

When an alert level is declared, exercise extreme caution and only use trusted sources of information, such as government websites or public institutions.

Disinformation is a real threat. Combating it begins with awareness and common sense. Critical thinking, verifying content, and responding responsibly support the safety of each of us.